{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/0k26971392/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["City Line Library #3, 1983-01-09 - 1983-06-29"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://marmia.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/5168"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Noble, Gil (1932-02-22-2012-04-05)","Robinson, Randall, 1941-","Goode, W. Wilson (1938-08-19)","LaBelle, Patti (1944-05-24)","Futrell, Mary","Grier, Pam, 1949-"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1983-01-09 (Broadcast)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["On tape label: City Line Library #3; Arena Players spot and others (Container Summary)","This is not an episode. This tape contains several stories and clips about Gil Noble; race relations between Korean-Americans and Black Americans; Randall Robinson; Violet Hill Whyte; Arena Players; Baltimore Elite Giants; Wilson Goode; Patti LaBelle; Mary Futrell; Pam Grier; Alfreda Madison; Peg Leg Bates. (Scope and Content Note)","Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content. (Content warning)","Thank you to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture for the digitization of this item. (Funding Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1 U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["WJZ-CTYLN-001-008 (Identifier)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Interviews (genre_form)","Policewomen (topical)","Negro leagues (topical)","Maryland (geographic)","Baltimore (geographic)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Series Title"]},"value":{"en":["City Line"]}}],"summary":{"en":["On tape label: City Line Library #3; Arena Players spot and others","This is not an episode. This tape contains several stories and clips about Gil Noble; race relations between Korean-Americans and Black Americans; Randall Robinson; Violet Hill Whyte; Arena Players; Baltimore Elite Giants; Wilson Goode; Patti LaBelle; Mary Futrell; Pam Grier; Alfreda Madison; Peg Leg Bates.","Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content.","Thank you to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture for the digitization of this item."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/203/680/small/open-uri20230807-555-nn83p_1691447318.jpg?1691447319","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20230807-555-nn83p.mp4"]},"duration":3763.15,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/203/680/small/open-uri20230807-555-nn83p_1691447318.jpg?1691447319","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-marmia.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/203/680/original/open-uri20230807-555-nn83p.mp4?1691447316","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3763.15,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AUTO_TRINT_WJZ-CTYLN-001-008.mp4 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gil Noble, journalist, host and producer of Like it is, the Emmy Award winning program was raised and educated here in Harlem. His ability to make statements on film were greatly influenced by many of the great black leaders, such as Malcolm X and Frederick Douglass. In fact, it is said that Gil Noble delights in retelling the story of Frederick Douglass on his deathbed when he called those around him near and whispered his last word, agitate. If you don't agitate and complain, you do a disservice to your oppressor. I think that the greatest evil is not injustice, but your acquiescence to it. Gil Noble, born and raised in Harlem, New York, has been the host of like it is since its inception in 1968, and the producer since 1975, like it is, has won seven Emmys and has been nominated for additional times for excellence in broadcasting. It is also one of New York City's longest running and most influential black television shows, with well over a million and a half viewers every Sunday. Besides the strong influence of his Jamaican born parents, Gil says what really shaped him was living in the Harlem community and developing there as a journalist. Well, Malcolm X was my alarm clock. He woke me up. I was sleeping and it was late. And I should have gotten up a long time ago. And outside of my father, I can't think of any man who has done more to clarify to me what I am and what my obligations are. I have gone back to give me a nationalistic identification, and I identify myself as an African who lives in the United States. And I don't feel that that is un-American. But he is very, very clearly identified to me, the relevance of having some tie, strong tie with a landmass, you can't stand in the water and not get wet, says Gil when he talks about his political awakening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=8.29,149.92"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gil points out that he, as well as other blacks, got started in this business in the late sixties as a direct result of the insistent demands made by black people. Is there something special about Gil Noble? Nothing, really. And I'm not trying to be modest, really. You know, the thing I've found is that the more I learn. About this thing called life in my forerunners. The more modest it has made me and the more humble clothes. And nothing I've thought of that hasn't been thought of much better before. How important is commitment? I think any human being has to have some commitment not to your wallet. That's not what real manhood and womanhood is. I think your value on this planet is your commitment to making things better. Your social put in commitment to whom? To your race to begin with and to the human race. Second, it's impossible for me to think in terms of my own gratification. Being a member of a race that is catching hell, that don't make sense to me. What makes your style of agitation quite different from those who've agitated in the past? And we're not allowed to make it as long as you have maybe not been agitating hard enough. You know, there's a saying that a freedom fighter ain't supposed to die a natural death. He's supposed to die early, so maybe I'm not fighting hard enough. I'll have to think about that. A broad range of rehabilitation services would be available, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy in this editing room. Your novel has created provocative documentaries on such historical figures as Adam Clayton Powell Jr, who was the first black U.S. congressman since Reconstruction. Work with him and talk with him and work with him and stick together and fight together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=151.24,276.21"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with God's hand and your hand. The victory will be accomplished here sooner than you dreamed, sooner than you hope, sooner than you prayed for, sooner than you imagined. Paul Robeson, a brilliant actor, scholar and athlete blacklisted in America for his friendly ties with the Russian people. And in attacking me, they suggested that when I was abroad, I spoke out against injustices to the Negro people in the United States. I certainly did. And the Supreme Court justice just ruled George Warren in the segregation cases. But world opinion had a lot to do with that ruling that our children, Negro children, can go to school like anybody else in the South. I'm very proud to have been a part of directing world opinion to precisely that condition. And Martin Luther King Jr. The peaceful warrior in the whole nation. Back to those great wells of democracy. Would there be five? The Founding Fathers in the formulation of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. That was a great movement in 1960. These sensitive documentaries explain the conditions and achievements of black people, though they have not brought Gil Noble any affections on his job. They have earned him respect. So a Harlem that he hadn't seen before. I'll give you a name and you give me a quick response. Jack Johnson. Hell of a fighter and an irritant to the white psyche. Black champion. Which the heavyweight champion was a symbol of macho to America. Fannie Lou Hamer. Beautiful woman. Strong woman. I guess the best way to describe her is thank all that nobody turned me around. They didn't stir up more trouble. Honey, we was getting cubicles. Those white kids came in here. This is all your profit making. I like the white stirred up trouble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=277.02,400.86"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they began to fish in Mississippi River, they found bodies. So I think they just stop fishing. Gil Noble. I'm the doorway that just exposes people of that kind of steel. I'm not a leader. I'm just a journalist that opens the door and lets the leaders walk through. You know, the business being there is nice because it's convenient, you know. But what I don't like about them is that when we blacks have business, they don't patronize us. We have a little business going to small business, of course, but we need their business as much as they need ours. But they don't give it to us. It seems to me that they might be getting tax breaks or something to that to enable them to get their little push to establish their own business. I think they had a feeling that, you know, says government, help us to get a job or anything like to start with some of the has put the bathrooms over us. You know, they got that time to turn, but that's the way you treat them. Most of their people like everybody else. So they should be able to make a living. Times are hard, so they have a business. Great. And as far as I'm concerned, is just black people with no need negligent in establishing the business itself themselves, or they don't support the businesses that they have in their communities. Sometimes people should be broke for blacks or Korean, you know, you know, Laureano white people, white sand, human being, you know, they say someone's working so hard to get us something. You know, if if a guy's you don't want to work and cannot get enough people, they're not creating jobs for most of the black people that live in the neighborhood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=401.58,523.24"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're taking these funds out of the neighborhood and with the black people living in. And I feel that they get federal subsidization a lot faster than black people within the community get thing just come and make easy money, which isn't true. And people work from five in the morning to six in the evening. And that's like that's more than 12 hours of work every day. And it's very hard. It's very hard, but I guess people don't get the right view of it. I guess in my opinion. They take everything out of the neighborhood and they put back nothing, they contribute nothing. So that automatically creates hostility on the part of blacks. So you have no rapport between the two peoples. Randall Robinson, lawyer and former congressional assistant is founder and head of Friends African and African, seeks to increase public awareness on issues of importance concerning the Third World. That's a full time responsibility that constantly keeps Randall on the go. But then activity runs in the family. People know that Randall Robinson is also the brother of Mr. Robinson. Who can TransAfrica be considered as a clearinghouse for information on African American South African relations? Well, yes, it can be. We are in daily contact with the African National Congress and the Liberation Group leaders from South Africa. Those blacks in South Africa who are struggling against the repressive system. And, of course, we knew them. We function as a kind of clearinghouse or lynchpin at linking that community with the black leadership community and the in the United States. Part of our function is to bring the two black communities together in pursuing a common strategy and course towards changing U.S. policy toward South Africa in a way that would make it easier for black South Africans to achieve liberation and freedom in the shortest possible time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=523.78,670.71"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How volatile is the South African situation? Well, it's more volatile then than ever. The growth of the black labor movement has been enormous over the last few years, and that's a new, powerful cutting edge for the black movement in South Africa. Also, since the Soweto uprisings in the middle seventies, the African National Congress and its war making capacity has grown tremendously so that one can talk, I think, reasonably credibly about perhaps a 10 to 15 years struggle in which time that society will be turned around. One has to to recognize at the same time that South Africa has the most powerful military machine on the African continent. And so we're not talking about contending with that machine through conventional warfare methodologies. We're talking about guerrilla urban guerrilla activities, South Africa moving any closer towards a democratic society, no matter of fact, a move in quite the opposite direction. They had not changed their tune yet. And the war hasn't gotten to such a point where they are prepared to come to the negotiating table and talk about one person, one vote, and in a unitary state. They're pursuing, of course, the plan that they set down nearly 30 years ago to divide the country into into 13% landmass for 20 million blacks and 87% of the land mass for the four, four and a half million million lives, and granting kind of bogus independence to parcels of land set aside for blacks and Transkei hope to swallow. And the racism is so, so pervasive that it is difficult to rationally describe it. One would need collective psychoanalysis by ages on to understand the basis for this, this unique form of racism in the world and that's in South Africa. Set apart makes American society look like a bastion of liberalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=671.4,813.45"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about Vice President George Bush's visit to Africa and seven nations there? Was it self-serving or was it out of genuine concern? Well, I think it was an explanation trip. The issue of Cuban troops in Angola, it only became an issue after Reagan came to power and made the sort of central piece of his his policy with respect to Africa, Central America and everywhere else, a fixation with the Soviet Union. You see, you know, when you do this, you really lose Africa. Soviet Union is not denying people the right to vote in South Africa, South Africa and the Soviet Union is not occupying Namibia. South Africa is the Soviet Union does not invade Angola. South Africa does. Americans should appreciate should appreciate that there are millions of people around the world who don't see this nation the way we see it from within. But when they look at this nation, they try to determine. Whether this country. On the question, the burning question for Africans on this question of South Africa, whether you're with us or against us, they see this country on the wrong side. They see this country on the side of the white South Africans in gold and see it that way, and the Libyans see it that way, the Mozambicans see it that way, The entire African world sees it that way. And so, again, on this question, we will find this nation for not only the wrong side, but inevitably the losing side. Lots of them in the Baltimore Police Department for only 46 years when in 1937, Violet White, known as Lady Law, was hired. Since that time, the role of women on the force has changed from that of social worker to full fledged law enforcement officers. Women have been an integral part of the department's progress and development ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=814.32,952.88"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Policewoman Violet Hill quite broke the color barrier by becoming the first black Baltimore City police officer in 1937. Soon after her appointment to the police department, she was given the title lady in recognition of her performance. First an officer, then a sergeant, then finally a lieutenant. This is quite earned the respect of defenders, of police officers and the community. It was apparent that she meant business and she became a one woman police force. And 30 years on the force, which never fired a shot at anyone. She was better known for her. Wise words to distraught mothers. Sound advice to wayward girls and kind words to the elder. Mrs. Esther Bailey, Lady Lost Daughter shares her experience of growing up with a mother who was a police lieutenant. As a child, Well, I knew she meant what she said. And it was difficult for me sometimes in school and in life because I was always identified as his wife's daughter. One of her daughter. And if you or you're not a Baltimore, I don't believe, but. Youngsters. Young ladies in Baltimore were identified as her daughters. And many times she would tell me that. She would be in her office by 630 in the morning and children would come sometimes by themselves, to tell of some problems that they had at home, maybe child abuse or maybe not enough food or clothing, this sort of thing. Lieutenant White's Act of Spirit inspired other black police officers. Lieutenant Carolyn Robinson was next to follow in Mrs. White's footsteps. In 1942, she became the city's second black policewoman. Lieutenant Robinson's outstanding performance record includes such notable tasks as the creation of the Office of Friendly Program and directly solving several complex cases. According to Lieutenant Robinson, meddling was her key to helping people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=953.54,1082.4"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even people who meet me today and say that I had helped them. It was a rewarding sort of thing because if you can help a person, I felt that I was well paid for it and I didn't mind doing it. And I liked working with people. And my husband always says I was always meddling, but my meddling. So, I mean, I find people today I met a man not too long ago and he said, You don't remember me, but you helped me many years ago. It's a nice feeling. How did you happen to choose the police force? I didn't. It shows you. Yeah. In what way? I had been working at there at school, and I was teaching as far as crime. And I got a call and asked if I would be interested in police work. And the interesting thing was, I went in, I was appointed, and the day I was appointed, I was sent up to be sworn in. And I asked the firing squad when they took me up, I said, What do policewomen do? And she said, Everything the men don't do. Black women have come a long way since 1937 and came from a time when women were considered no more than social workers. Today, black women are active in every facet of the law enforcement field. In fact, Amanda, Betsy north of the Southwestern Police District is another first. She's Baltimore's first black woman police commander. Women have indeed come a long way and have proven themselves to be an active part of the law enforcement team and working side by side with their male counterparts. Theater has been a part of black history for some time now. And here in Baltimore, it is no exception. The Arena Playhouse, the second oldest black theater company in the country, is celebrating its 30th year of existence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1083.45,1218.31"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So come along with us and experience this legacy. Man, I got to do my dishes. Sometimes we play a new game with somebody you do not want to do. Champions. No. Talk, talk, talk, talk. Come on. Just one game. But the champ, huh? 30 years later. Enjoy the talents. Talented young people who were tired of being seen as mere servants and be reduced to neutral playhouses for back to back performances. Stay up to date with the real fire damage announcements of the Negro houses. Writer, director, actor Page Turner to succeed. She must be the closest of families powered by a common purpose and found in State College each professor. Somebody who acted in the company's first production, like The Happy Journey to try and produce a Grammy encounter, shared some unforgettable moments growing up as a theater company in a place that's really been my backbone, really honest and truly. I don't know what I would do without them, and they are really the stepping stone to my success. There were hard times, believe me. Many, many years ago, we really didn't have a home. You know, we went various places to put on our productions, stories and costumers didn't give us. Things are really nice things. So we used our own many homes during some of the plays or without furniture while the play went on. I heard that one time you even brought your cat for the production. Is that true? That is the place that we tried not to discuss. And I brought my cat, who did well into the performance, got quite frightened with the lights and the people scream as cats can do and a number of other things and jumped out the window. After the play, we spent hours with me crying and calling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1219.27,1354.37"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of impact do you think the Arena players, the Arena Playhouse has had on the black community in Baltimore? I think it's been one of the objectives that we had, and I think that objective has been to some extent accomplished, and that is to introduce to people to broaden the aspects of theater that we might offer to the community, to give people the chance to black people, the chance to be in plays where they would they would not ordinarily get that opportunity in professional theater. They would be limited. So is there really enough material from black playwrights that's available to your company? The the number of plays we have to select from quality plays we have to select from is very, very, very few, few and far between. I'd like to suggest to them that they look at historical subjects. They look at some other things other than other than the racial. There's a there's a there's a big wide open space that black playwrights need to begin to explore romantic things and historical characters and in-depth study of people. Because there are as many different kinds of black people as they are white people. We don't fit into these categories in this level, you know. Little holes that they want to put us in charge as well. I think so much as on that. I'll go to Samuel Wilson, who was a visionary for an upcoming play. Our sense of family has been the most amazing thing about adventure. This is a piece of thought or aspirations of heading for Broadway. Maybe not Broadway directly, but a few have made it to stardom, such as David Evans on The Jeffersons and Howard Rollins, who received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Ragtime Shoe went to the White Man, which in you did, I think, given the justice entitled to be by law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1356.83,1493.04"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She died begging for it. The players theatrical performances has risen outstanding productions of times on the airplane. For me, the engine, her writing the music production of the show downtown. You know, I think it was young who said no to the pain of differences as [Unrecognized], no matter. $0.25, please. That package. $0.50. No, you don't. Come on, man. Rose, you know, we say this is going to cost you a quarter every time you use that word, man. I work for my man. Whose idea was the deal? You promised? And in all my possible always messing with somebody. Come on and let me get was my life. Don't you make me 75. Well, you don't got all you won't get from me. The true history of the arena players as fabulous members who survive the frustrations of having to practice their heart to the aggravation of limited funding to put out quality productions they enjoy. And 30 years later, they are applying the finishing touches to their pursuit of a possible dream. When I think, oh, 50 years where they love. All right, so we got to sit down and watch. They have no one that makes this song suddenly have a meaning. Next year. To go back now. This was the site of old Google Field, home of the elite giants, Baltimore's Negro baseball leagues team during the thirties and the forties. Their illustrious career won them two championships, thrilling over 400,000 fans during their reign. Bugle Park is no more. But fond memories linger on, replaying by Memphis. Playing it another way. It sucks. Name? Gus Curry. And at that. For a man of faith, peace. I had a pretty good move was made. So I going to follow up. Torso to face. Get it back to normal face again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1500.57,1668.82"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I went through the motion and he won his number. And do I have gone the ball? I threw the ball face. Baze Good curve swung. It's off the ground, he says. What the hell is wrong with you up here? El Paso is going to get a lot of coverage through the border for this base. You know, I laid out ground based Negro baseball teams were established as early as the 1800s, but the first successful Negro League did not get formed until 1920. And in 1929, Moore had its first league champion, a Baltimore Black Sox. But soon after, they won the pennant. The Depression came and the league collapsed. Several years later, a new Eastern Negro National League was formed. But Baltimore was unrepresented until 1938, when de Paul made it a personal project to during the elite Giants franchise from Washington to Baltimore. So I did. I took it upon myself to go to the Afro. It was a fellow named Leon Hardwick who was sports editor, and I asked him, I say, why is it the. Teams, meaning the black team, of course, are not getting as much publicity as they feel they should get and as much as I think that should get. So he says to me, Do you think you can do anything about it? So I accepted that as the challenge, and I said Yes. Originally the leaves, what was most commonly pronounced IH lights were from Nashville, Tennessee in 1939, one year after coming to Baltimore. The e nights blessed Baltimore fans with another pennant. The team from park to Bugle Field played every Tuesday, Friday and Sunday. The most well-known well, all the first of all was an all star game and is by far. And I was in Hollywood state in California, in Los Angeles, 1939.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1670.5,1791.42"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we went in half an inch. He came out in of seconds and that came out in the bottom of the seven. And now. George Walker, a single. Hoskins single. And I came about last year. He threw me a curve ball and I said, Well, I'm not going to hit this one. We'll try to make it through a phase. He. So you look back and secondly, let's back up. I stepped back on him. He threw me a fastball and I hit it for about 410 feet and sent a few fans. They told me that obviously the sooner or later we're going to have good ballplayers in leagues know I'd rather you'd be on my team and be again because you have a good pitcher and a good hitter and every solid team there are superstars. The airlines were no exception. Roy Campanella, who joined the team at age 15, then went on to play catcher for the Brooklyn Dodgers Joe Black, who became the first black to pitch in a World Series, beating the Yankees 3 to 2 and pee wee fires. Jackie Robinson's father asked Vernon Green if he would take his son. To play professional ball because he wanted to play so badly. But Breen told him that he couldn't take him because he had. But. So some, believe it or not. Yes. Some years later. Jackie was. Signed by the Kansas City Monarchs. His father had actually asked GREENE to give him a chance with the Baltimore team in 1949. The Giants won another league championship, but for the very last time. That was just about it. For all black teams because our principal markets, which were New York, Chicago. Philadelphia. Major League Cities. Why would they come to see us when they could see our fellows perform against the best in baseball? There will probably never be another Negro League team.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1795.22,1926.48"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those memories of glory in 1929, 39 and 49. Never be forgotten. You've got strong Baltimore connections. Having gone to Morgan. Tell me about your years at Morgan. I spent four of the best years of my life here at Morgan going from 1957 to 1961, finishing eighth in a class of 240. At that time, coming out really established a good, strong foundation. I went through an Institute for Practical Politics that Dr. James Fleming had at that time. I really learned how to really do real tough grassroots politics. Jesse Jackson came to Philadelphia and offered you his endorsement. And what was your response to that endorsement? Well, basically, I think that one of the points I made early on in the campaign was I did not want outsiders coming into the city, mainly because of the nature of our opponent. I recognized at that time that anyone from the outside who came in would be used as a campaign issue. And so I wanted to remove from my opponent all campaign issues except the real issues, issues of jobs, of education, of housing, of crime, of health care. And how are we going to move that city for where it is now, where it ought to be? So I basically have discourage people from outside the city coming in there, helping out in the campaign. You've been able to avoid the appearance of the racism that was injected into the Chicago campaign also. How have you been able to do that? Well, I have a 17 year record in that city. I've worked in all neighborhoods for 17 years, and I feel that I've worked with white people and black people. I work with Asian Hispanics, young and old, from all backgrounds, all walks of life. And the concept that I've been able to, I think, establish a good cross-sector following of people in the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=1927.51,2055.96"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm convinced that based upon that, I've been able to, even though not receive the votes of all the people from all neighborhood, at least I've earned the respect over the last 17 years. Do you think Frank Rizzo is an easy opponent? He has not been easy. Probably been a very, very tough opponent, although I've been leading in the polls all the way along. He's been very, very tough. We have to watch our step very all the way along. And he's been very, very tough. He's a very tough adversary. And because he does not mind pulling dirty tricks, does not mind using misstatements and untruths and does not mind basically distorting facts. And when you have someone like that who don't have in the rules to play by that very difficult issue by issue up, I will be a better candidate that I can deal with people on, on jobs, on housing, on education, on crime. I believe that once we take a campaign out and deal with the people on those terms, I can deal with that. We move personalities. I will win in a day, in a week. Yes. I've been with the place for 15 months and I was asked to do the play by the producers, Barry and Fran Weisberg, and I said no to them for two months because I'd seen the play twice before in Philadelphia with Delores Hall and Jennifer Holliday. And I said, I'm not going to do a play that the two ladies had done because there was nothing that I could add after they finished. And plus, I wanted to do if I was going to do a play I set up, I would like to do something new because it's a lot of discipline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2056.32,2236.13"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wearing the same costume, missing in the same song every night. And to make all those sacrifices, it should be something new, something that Carroll, who is a wonderful director, said, I will change the play for you. And we opened at the I did say yes, okay. Then I said yes. And so we went to rehearsals and it was different. And the first week at the Warner Theater in Washington, it killed me because I was everything. I was every I was in every role except Jesus. And it was a little too much for me. So I had to give the songs to some of the members in the play who are wonderful and who deserved the songs anyway. And so I started doing lists, but it was still different than what I had seen done by the ladies that I just spoke about. But I'm glad that I said yes because I learned how to be disciplined and to wear that same costume every night and how hard that is. NEA. The National Education Association, is the nation's largest professional organization, representing over 1.7 million teachers and other educationally related professionals throughout America. This organization has a dynamic Secretary, Treasurer, Mrs. Mary Futrell. Mrs. Futrell is next in line to be the president of NEA. There seems to be a national trend of pulling higher income students out of the public school system and putting them into the private school system. Is that causing any problems, really? Well, I think that when we look at the trend that's developing, it's not something that's new. First of all, we've had private schools in this country since the very inception of the idea of education. And so that in itself is not a new concept. We have also experienced in the last several years a growing trend to try to say that the public schools are losing a lot of students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2236.61,2379.36"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think that that's really true because first of all, when you look at the figures, we are maintaining our percentage of the school age children who are attending the public schools. And when you look at what's happening at the parochial schools and or the private schools, those figures do not justify the comments that are being made by people like Jerry Falwell and some of the others. How would you assess the current state of public education? Well, I think that the current status is probably a lot better than people give it credit for being. Most of the criticism we hear is based on data that is outdated. It's about five years, maybe ten years old. And if you look at what has happened since the 1980s, we have begun to turn around a lot of the negative ism which all permeated the schools. Now, that's not to say that we don't have problems. I've taught for 17 years and to to sit here and to say to you that we have absolutely no problems in the public schools would not be telling you the truth. We do have some problem. We have problems with discipline. We have problems with attendance. We have some problems dealing with kids taking drugs or using alcohol. We believe that the kids can't perform academically much better than they are and that we have a lot of work to do in that area. When we look at the where the kids are going in the areas dealing with math, science, foreign languages, obviously the results show that we need to improve in those particular areas. But at the same time, I think that there are many positive things happening. What we really need to do is to work more closely with the community to make sure that we are addressing the educational needs of our society and that we have that cooperation and improving the quality of education in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2380.14,2475.33"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would it be too strong a statement to say that with reduction in funding and the curtailing of programs throughout the nation's public school system, that the public school system is under severe attack? That's an understatement. I would say that we have been under what I would call a siege for the last 2 to 3 years. This administration campaigned on a platform of doing away with the funding for public schools. At the same time, it campaigned on a plank saying that we would push tuition tax credits. And I have a great deal of difficulty understanding how you say to 90% of the children that you will not give them any funding. But you say to 10% of the children, we will give you funding. It has advocated educational vouchers, which would take money away from the schools. This administration has cut in real dollars $8 billion out of public education since it's been in office. And yet, on the other hand, it says to us, you go in and you do more with less, you improve the system, you track bright teachers and you upgrade the education in this country. But we're not going to give you as much money to do that. In 1983 or 1984 as we gave you in 1980. I think the rest of society is going through probably what the minority community went through for a long time, because especially in my community, most of the minority parents work. And so you look at, well, how did we succeed and how do we make it? And what's happening right now, one of these kids making it. I don't have the answer to that. Maybe, maybe when we were growing up, the answer was the education is the key to get wherever you want to get in life and see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2476.23,2573.46"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of the kids today feel like, well, I've got a part time job and I'm making money, so you know, I'm okay. Or they go home and they have TV, they have a videotape, They they have access to a car. So they really don't worry about the kinds of things I think that maybe we worried about. I want to get the good education so I can get out and I can succeed and and I can do all these things. And and and if you wanted to go somewhere, you caught the bus or you walked, you know, when you got home, you didn't have a TV. Maybe, you know, you didn't have all these things. And so somehow now that we've got to turn that around because the opportunities are there and and that to me, life is whatever you want it to be, but you've got to have an education to get there. Let me see why I came out to L.A., because my boyfriend was killed, Vietnam, and I was studying and going to work and putting myself through school. So I was under tremendous pressure. And I came out to L.A. and met some actors who really kind of they became my surrogate family. While you were a switchboard operator? Yeah. Yeah. And I had that was my day job. And I had a night job and I decided this is something that I'd like to get into. But then I did like five pictures and I didn't know if I wanted to continue and stay in business. I thought I might go back to school because I really wanted to please my mother, you know, And although she didn't mind me acting profession, but to be a doctor and our family's very degree oriented, it meant a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2573.67,2659.81"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How does it affect you or does it affect you when people connect you with the quote unquote blaxploitation films? I have a definition of it, and I always have to explain it because it has a black negative stigma to it. When I was very positive, I was exploring our own community. I wanted to to show that we had hero heroines and and we hadn't in film yet. And HP American International Pictures took a great chance with me because I had an idea, a concept, and it was about a woman in my community who was just so fed up with the community being so apathetic and letting the the negative aspects like, you know, drug dealers and pimps, you know, come into the neighborhood and just destroy it. And it was like the black oppression, you know, we are our own worst enemy. Their our own obstacles. Most of the time I can see the subject is an exposed nerve for you. Yeah. Because it's it's like a lot of people think it's just a negative aspect. And I said, wait a minute, behind every negative there. There's so many more positives that are out with, you know, and then you have to go back in to find them. They go, Yeah, you're right. And then I say, What did you do about it? Nothing, you know. How do you feel about as long as we keep feeling, you know? Well, sometimes we'll get a chance to do something. You're now involved in the project with Walt Disney Productions. Tell us about your role in that movie. This is a story adapted from a classic written by Ray Bradbury, who was one of the top science fiction authors. It's called Something Wicked. This Way Comes and guess who's Wicked? You think there is something missing from your life? Something that could make you so happy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2660.59,2765.7"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ladies. You have lived here a long time without the scent of lady skin. They're waiting for you like it's. I play the Dust Witch and the fortune teller in a character called The Most Beautiful Woman in the World. Yeah, no doubt. Well, it was worth doing, though, because you got to keep your skin clear to be the most beautiful woman in the world. I can't do anything else but keep your skin clear. You know, that was my concept. And it's about a carnival that comes into Green Town USA. And the ringmaster is Mr. Dark. And what we do is we grant the town's people's deepest desires. From Oklahoma and Troy. You will tell me when the storm is coming. When it comes to this storm. Tom Fury said the lightning jumped from world and make men hop and skip like go to cap for lightning shall make you hop and make your tail. And don't do that. How does Pam Grier label herself? Singer, actress, writer. All the above. I've written a screenplay. Coffee was my first idea and I started writing. So today I'm now writing decent screenplays. I like saying because I like thing. I'd always been in a group. I was in a gospel group in Denver called The Echoes of Youth and some of the memories of Earth, Wind and Fire in it. And I like acting so, you know, I can do these things. And in between work I can I'll jump on a plane and go to New York and sing in a jingle, you know, or sing on the back of a, you know, a rock groups session in a do some background. Cause I love singing and I like keeping my voice up. Ms.. Alfreda L Madison is an ex schoolteacher turned journalist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2767.67,2925.57"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's the only reporter representing black newspapers at the White House and on Capitol Hill. Ms.. Madison is presently writing for 131 black newspapers after retiring from the public school system. She began a second career as a volunteer, monitoring the actions of Congress for a lobbying group called Common Cause. By doing this, she began to realize that white news media was not as sensitive to governmental issues as they specifically relate to blacks. So for the next 26 months, she went to work writing weekly articles for her hometown paper, The Norfolk Journal and Guide. I was always interested in issues as they relate to bias. I think that came from my father, who then lived in Delaware County, Virginia. Always read the papers and politics and complain and felt that the only thing he had was to vote. And he felt that he didn't believe shouldn't complain. What about the validity of the black press? Often times reporters quote the sources as saying The New York Times reports today or The Washington Post reports today weren't any black newspapers quoted that way because the White on the Hill and whites in the White House don't read our papers. The black press, because they can't get the British when the papers are post the weeklies and they are small, but they are they're very effective in the black community. The black people read them. And if the white people would read them, maybe they wouldn't run, hitting on so many issues. This White House is not taking. Added blacks seriously, as far as I'm concerned, and yet they take them seriously in a negative sort of way. I think that they want to turn back all civil rights action. They. Listening to the Congressional Black Caucus, however. 15 items in the Dole tax bill came directly from the Congressional Black Caucus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=2926.53,3038.42"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even when the president is talking about this 5% gas fee, I think it was a user fee that didn't come from him at all. The Congressional Black Caucus said in his 82 budget, in his 83 budget. And what does Ms.. Matteson see for the political future of black Americans? I guess I'm rather optimistic before even the trends. Now you're going to find more black elected officials. And as Senator Dole said to me, that the Republican administration must have more black, invisible policymaking positions. So now you're going to find blacks becoming more visible in all I think in all fields of the 90, we might even have a black president by then. But anyway, you can find blacks with if they keep up this voting trend that they have. I think the future looks much brighter in political and social in all aspects. He's a Web site, I'll tell you. Long years ago, when your dad was much younger, I was a wild lad. Dr. Jones is your half sister. This shook him so bad. He walked into the house, shake them disgusted, walked over to his old gray haired mother. I don't know how you feel about this mall, but I'm going to tell you how I feel about it. It ain't right morally right. You know, don't go wandering around when I'm sick and I'm disgusting. His old gray head and with his. You can marry who the heck you own. He is your daddy. I'm getting a joy out of what I'm doing and the people get some enjoyment out of it because I tell it like it is. The incomparable Clayton Peg Leg Bates was one of the world's top headliners in the theater, nightclubs and television for over a quarter of a century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=3039.36,3166.8"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After appearing on The Ed Sullivan Show 20 times and going on a national tour with the Ed Sullivan Theater Revue. He had gained a reputation of being one of the greatest showstoppers of any dancing act in the world of show business. Even as a youngster of seven years of age, he was dancing on the streets of Fountain in South Carolina. But at 12 years of age, his left leg was caught in a conveyor belt at a cotton gin mill. It was mangled and had to be amputated. However, this did not stop him, and his ambition was fortified more than ever. When I say to you that I'm blessed, I have a lovely family, I, I detest the word handicap because I don't think there's no such thing. I think if you handicap your own self in your own mind, because if you want to do something, you can do it. I just dance because I love to dance. And then when I lost the leg at the age of 12, well, I still want to dance. At that particular time, I wasn't thinking about anything professionally. I just wanted to dance where they had one leg. No legs. Never mind leg, man. Just let me. Dad. Well, I'm with you. He's performed with such greats as Cab Calloway, Jackie Gleason, Bob Hope and Jerry Lewis, just to name a few. Who influenced you the most in your earliest years as an entertainer? I can't say, because I didn't have no time to look at other entertainers. I don't think about myself. In 1951, peg Leg Bates purchased 60 acres of an old chicken farm and made his second dream come true. Though Peg Leg Bates Country Club, there's a lot of big resorts in the Catskill Mountains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=3167.91,3307.14"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to work all of those resorts during the height of my career. And. All right. And at that particular time, I was the star. I could work those places. This was during the prejudiced years, during the late forties, even up to the fifties. And I started thinking how nice it would be if blacks had a nice place to come to a resort just like any other race of people. At the point when you opened the nightclub, you are now an entertainer and a businessman. What kind of problems did that pose? At first it proceeded. A big difficulty because. Every time I'd run out of money, I'd have to leave my place working because I couldn't go to the bank and borrow money. At that particular time, there was not loaning blacks any kind of money, regardless. And some of this is still going on today, regardless of how Poppy was. So whenever I get broke, I start drilling and I invest 25, $30,000 over here. And the money wasn't coming in. I got to pay my bills on a legs so I'd get back on the road, start dancing on the peg. Mr. Bates is in his late seventies now and is still doing what he enjoys most bringing happiness to people. Right all the way through this. Wow. See. I hope. Well. I. Well. By. You got something you didn't have 12 years ago? Goodbye. Don't say goodbye is going to say so long. I know. And I keep forgetting so long. But to me, he's. Oh. What's your name? George Clarke. Fort Benning, Georgia. For a while, anyway. Gee, I'm glad we bumped into each other, Georgie. And thanks for everything. And I wasn't lonesome anymore. San Francisco. That was the whole idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680#t=3308.82,3550.3"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/103620/file/203680/transcript/47230/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hey. Catherine. Oh, I was so afraid I wouldn't get to see him. There's so much to say. Don't say anything. Just come back. There'll be a girl back here wearing my ring. I talk. This time the territory will be made up of farewell scenes. But there was something missing in the original. When do you burn? While the afternoon is about 3000 times a day. After. Hard to imagine, my friend Ross, who's an act, is by the park. When do you feel? Why? Everywhere? When my mother leaves town after a long night, you hear? Oh, when you. Let me hear you say it, people. Either you have said it. Oh, you spoil your grandson letting him use that funny blue stuff. And his good taste doesn't buy cavities. Fluoride fights, cavities. AIM has fluoride, aim, fights, cavities. There's clinical proof. Proof. True. And we think that taste may make Bobby Brush stronger. We know he's getting good checkups. Good checkups. Well, I was watching my grandkids game. No toothpaste, fights, cavities. Better than aim. Take aim against cavities. Just watch my lashes get there longest right before your eyes. With ultra big ultra lash mascara for Maybelline, nobody at lashes Maybelline. See, each stroke of ultra big ultra lash makes my lashes look long, longer, longest, big waterproof lashes. But before your eyes, your lashes never looked longer. Ultra big ultra lash fine makeup sensibly priced Maybelline. Baby sitter. Hawk, your own grandson. It's not me. This coffin. I've been taken. Cough drops take hold. It's better than cough drops. Read the label. What's said? 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