{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/125q815r4p/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Gun Control II, 1988-10-23"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://marmia.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/5294"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1988-10-23 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program. (Funding note)","Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content. (Content warning)","Stephen Teret discusses the problems with guns in the commmunity and how they are also a public health crises. Haroldy Anthony interviews Diane Reeves about her jazz career and her time in the Soviet Union. (Scope and Content Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1 U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["WJZ-CTYLN-009-002 (Identifier)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Series Title"]},"value":{"en":["City Line"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program.","Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content.","Stephen Teret discusses the problems with guns in the commmunity and how they are also a public health crises. Haroldy Anthony interviews Diane Reeves about her jazz career and her time in the Soviet Union."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/173/998/small/thumbnail_173998_1674490356.jpg?1674490360","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20230817-109546-ds4lio.mp4"]},"duration":1847.022,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/173/998/small/thumbnail_173998_1674490356.jpg?1674490360","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-marmia.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/173/998/original/open-uri20230817-109546-ds4lio.mp4?1692295903","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1847.022,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AUTO_TRINT_WJZ-CTYLN-009-002.mp4 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welcome to City Line. Hi, I'm Jackie Hall. And I'm Harold Anthony. Between the years 1980 and 1986, 3496 people were killed with guns in Maryland. During that same period, 40% of the deaths involving young black teenagers were caused by guns. Our guest today says that guns are a public health problem and has to be treated as such. He's Stephen Taro, director of Johns Hopkins Injury Prevention Center. You know, Jackie, hopefully with all the media attention that's being focused on this subject, the numbers will start to get a little bit better. But things are definitely getting better and better for Dianne Reeves as she's sought to even greater heights. She'll pay us a visit a little later. That's all up next on City Lines. So stay with us. Welcome to City Line. As we said, our guest today is Steven Gerrard, who is with the Johns Hopkins Injury Prevention Center. Welcome to City Line. Thank you very much. You know, in reading the results of your study, I was astounded, number one, to find out that some 30,000 Americans are killed each year by guns because of guns. And in Maryland, the figure is, what, over 3000? Well, in Maryland, we have about 500 deaths per year. We studied gun deaths over a period from 1980 through 1986. And I think that you should be astonished, the number of people who are dying in front of the barrel of a gun and the country as a whole and in Maryland in particular is just horrible and it's totally unacceptable. The reason that it's unacceptable is because so many of these deaths are preventable. In what way? Well, for a long period of time, when people have looked at violent deaths, they focused on the behaviors of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=62.27,191.99"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we've done in our study is taken basically the public health approach, which is not looking so much at what was in the mind of the perpetrator or what was the intent of the person, but instead looking at the product that was used or what we would call the vehicle that was used. So we took gun deaths no matter what the source or state of mind was, we put together or aggregated homicide or murder, gun deaths with suicide, gun deaths with accidental or unintentional gun deaths. And it's only when you put together all types of gun deaths like that that you get a true picture of what an important problem guns pose to the public's health. We're going to talk about the specifics of those particular areas which you've just listed. But in general, what did you find out concerning the numbers of deaths among white males, white females and nonwhite males and females? Guns don't discriminate in that. They kill people of all genders and all races, but not to the same degree. What we found is that the highest death rates were among the nonwhite males. Those death rates really soared over all other segments of the population. If it is the number one leading cause of deaths among nonwhite males for young nonwhite males. Guns are the number one cause of death. If I add it up, as we did in this study, the cancer deaths, the heart disease deaths, the diabetes, the kidney failure, the liver failure, deaths, gun deaths are more than twice the number of the sum of all of those deaths for young black males. So what do you what you're saying then, if we reduce the availability of guns and we were more than likely drive down the number of deaths by guns? Yes, Jacki, what we've done by looking at the product is say let's not focus solely on the intent of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=192.77,308.87"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very hard to change the behavior of people. And what we want to do is see, are there other ways, additional ways to reduce this unacceptable number of deaths? You know, if you look back to the history of people dying in cars, on the highways back in the mid 1960s, people were saying, you've got to change the nut behind the wheel. The person who is driving, you have to change the behavior. That really never worked very well. We were unable to make people always drive in a very prudent and careful. So what you're saying is reduce the availability? Well, what we did there is we changed the product. We made cars safer so that if people got into crashes, then they weren't likely to die from a mistake. We've got to do the same thing with guns. Well, what about what about education? What about really dealing with the criminal who is actually using the gun? It's not the gun forcing the criminal to use it. It is the criminal using the gun or the person using the gun. Shouldn't we focus on that person? We've been focusing on that for years. And I'm not suggesting that we lose sight of the focus. We have to continue focusing on that. And the criminal justice system has focused on that. There are things that we can and should be doing. We should have stiff penalties for people who use guns, harsher penalties than for crimes without the use of guns. And hopefully that'll have some effect, but it hasn't had enough effect. So what we have to do is go beyond the behavior and look at the actual product that people are using. Now, getting back to the findings, the numbers of suicide, and that at least the results of of the years of study there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=309.35,408.41"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did you notice there in terms of suicides, homicides and accidental death? Well, we find that when we look at white males, for instance, they're involved in a lot of gun suicides, particularly in the later years of life. So if you're if you're plotting gun deaths, rates for white males, let's say. You'll see that as the age the death rate goes up for black males. We found that the vast majority of deaths. This is also true for the black females were homicide deaths rather than suicide deaths. So the guns are being used with different intent in the minds of the people. But the product is the same. The product is still there, taking the lives of people. But, you know, when I thought about the results of those four suicides and homicides, it appeared to me that the suicides was rage turned inward. Mm hmm. And for homicides, it was rage turned outward. That's right. You're dealing with a rage in both cases. And if we knew how to dismantle rage or disengage rage, then we should do that. But we haven't figured that out yet. So what we've got to do is assuming that there is going to be rage, let's make it so that rage isn't fatal. Mm hmm. So that the person, instead of reaching for a gun, reaches for something else and perhaps acts out the rage. But the result isn't a fatality. But isn't this study an indication in the alarming figures all over the country, an indication that we do indeed have this love affair with guns and this promotion of violence throughout our society and that it just permeates. There's no question that there's a very high prevalence of guns in society. The number of guns out there and in homes and other places is enormously high, which is reason why we have to start addressing the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=408.62,522.049"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is how do we address it? Many have suggested that one way of addressing it is to teach gun safety. When we looked at our study, we found that of the approximately 3500 deaths in Maryland over the period of the study, only about 2% of those deaths were accidental or unintentional. What that means to us is that 98% of the time the person pointed the gun at himself or at someone else with the intent to injure that person and was successful in carrying out that intent by educating people for gun safety. We may be able to reduce that 2% a little bit, but you still have the vast bulk of 98% that we haven't really addressed. Okay. We're going to take a break right now. And when we come back, we'll talk about not only Maryland's handgun control law, but also the fascination with toy guns and promotion of toys and guns of that nature with our children. We'll be back in just a moment. We're talking about fire firearms fatalities with our guest, Stephen Sterrett of the Johns Hopkins Injury Prevention Center. In your survey, you found the number of children who had been hurt or killed through the use of guns. Talk about that a little bit. And are we deluding ourselves and believing that we're not going to we're going to have problems there with this whole issue of toy guns, for instance? We found quite a few children who died from guns in this study and in other studies that we've done. We also performed a study in which we looked at children who shot and killed other children unintentionally without the intent to kill the child. Those are the most tragic of all cases. They're tragic not only, of course, for the child who gets killed and the family of that child, but also for the shooter and the family of the shooter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=522.53,710.42"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do the children many times think they're playing with guns all day with not guns, with toys all too often. That was the scenario. The child would find a gun that was kept in the home for protection. A gun often that was loaded and not kept locked away. The child wouldn't understand that that was a real gun instead of a toy gun. And use the gun on a playmate or brother or sister. Now, it's sometimes difficult to discern the difference, isn't it? Let's look at the we have some slides of guns in each case. One is a toy and one is a real gun. Well, even more so than that, Jackie. In each case, one of those guns actually killed a person, and the other gun was bought in a toy store. I just think that it's unreasonable to put a burden on a child that a child is supposed to be able to discern which is the real gun and which is the toy, which is which. Here, I can remember by the little string that you see on the bottom gun by the trigger area. That string is there because the gun was taken from a medical examiner's office. And the lower one is the real gun and the top one is the one purchased in the toy store. Very much like what else? Now, again, in this case, the lower gun is the one that actually killed a person. The top one is one that was purchased in the toy store. You know, from the results of your study. The homicide rate in the black community of young black males using guns to murder each other. It's alarming. What ought the black community be concerned about in reference to those results? Well, I think the black community, as all communities, ought to address the availability of guns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=710.93,810.26"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it's not surprising to anybody. It shouldn't be surprising to anybody that the more available guns are, the more gun deaths you're going to see. So it's just like if I told you that the leading cause of death for black males was a disease carried by mosquitoes, what we'd want to do is eliminate the mosquito. Well, in this case, if I tell you that the leading cause of death for black males, young black males, is the force delivered by a gunshot. We ought to look carefully at the availability of guns in the community. What about the Maryland handgun law that is now up for referendum in November? Well, that is a law that's designed to limit the availability of certain types of handguns to Saturday nights. The type of gun like a Saturday night special, the the cheap, short barrel, easily concealable, small caliber gun, the type of gun that has very low, legitimate usefulness but is used disproportionately in crime or in producing injury. But will that really reduce the number of murders by guns or suicides by guns? I think it would be unreasonable for us to expect that if you limit the availability of Saturday night specials, that there's going to be a tremendously dramatic drop in a gun rate. But I do think that it will do quite a bit of good. I do think that by removing the Saturday Night special, which can be thought of really as a starter set of guns, a gun that someone can easily obtain, particularly a young person, to launch oneself into a career with larger, more expensive guns later on, if we can reduce that. I think we're going to be doing quite a bit of good as a result of your study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=811.13,917.09"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's assume the community, the state, the government decides that. Yes. Firearm fatality fatalities are indeed a public health issue. What would that mean in terms of the way we treat the entire issue? What will we do differently? Well, I think it will give us another focus, not a not a different focus. I'm not suggesting that we forget about the focus as we've had in the past. But in the past we've looked at guns as a criminal justice problem or sometimes for suicide as a mental health problem. Let's look at them another way. Let's look at them from the public health perspective. And again. Deal with the product itself. You know, and if one looks at the history of public health, there was a famous public health person many, many years ago who wanted to stop cholera in London, England. The cholera was delivered by the water supply. What he did is he took the pump off the handle, the handle of the water pump, and by taking the handle off the water pump, he didn't have to tell people how they had to act or behave. He changed the product. He changed the environment. I'm suggesting that that is a rational public health approach by looking at the availability of a product. But it should not be a two pronged approach that we still handle behavior. I'm not suggesting that we should forget about behavior. I think that people who are working on the behaviors of persons are doing a terribly important job. But until we learn how to very effectively deal with the behavior, until we learn how to take someone with criminal intent and eradicate that criminal intent, we ought not to be losing all of these lives. Okay, Steven, Tara, we thank you so much for being with us today on City Line, talking about firearm fatalities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=917.45,1024.52"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll take a break now and look at the community calendar and come back with Harold Anthony. You know, that was the most fascinating interview, Jacki. It just it just amazes me that it took so long, you know, for a comprehensive study like that to be done. Yes. But the one thing that we found out is that it seems to be consistent with the findings and studies across the country, though. Yeah, well, I think that didn't take long. Was the skyrocketing career of Dianne Reeves. As soon as the public discovered her, they flocked to her feet. We'll talk with her right after this. Billboard magazine, The Bible of American Music usually reserved its two top jazz slots for instrumentalists such as Count Basie and the like. This sacred domain has been invaded by a female vocalist. I met with Dianne Reeves earlier to find out exactly where the magic lie, and I pretty much had a good time. But this is what I love to do. No matter what, we can make wonderful things happen on stage and something that I think is the magic also of jazz. He said nothing. It's different every night and it's always magic. Yeah. Are you concerned about the future of jazz in America? Yes. I'm more concerned with the fact that people it's not supported. And I'm also concerned that for a long time, jazz was just a four letter word. It was something bad in the industry. Now, all of a sudden, because it's it's always been there and all of a sudden become big, it's become the popular thing to do. Everybody has latched on to it. And the culture, for the most part, people that sing or play or whatever, what they're labeling as jazz isn't jazz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=1025.839,1341.21"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't view my record even though as a Blue Note, as a jazz record, there are elements there and also there are straight ahead things on Side B, and there's really a big difference. Over the last year, you've had tremendous success. To what do you attribute that success? I think good timing, because I've been doing I've been singing for a long time. This is my third record, but I feel that the third album. Yeah, I'm sorry. Third album. Yes. And I feel that when I went to George to to produce this record, I was I said, I'm ready. I'm ready to do this. And the time was right. And we did the record. We were on Blue Note. The company told us to do whatever we wanted to do, whatever it was inside, put it on record, and we did, and the record just jumped off. My own little. The time that I've been known. Keep. My title. Oh. More than anything, I've grown a lot musically. I listen to my first two records, which I love, and I listen to this one and I hear more of a maturity than on the first two, and I think that's all part of it also. Plus, I've made it effort to, on this particular record conceptually, was to do a record that would allow people to know what Dianne Reeves is about. And that's why I selected the kind of songs that I did, because they were all very, very personal. You say selected. Do you write your music? I write, and I have friends that write for me. So it's a combination of, Yeah, I make your record better Days. Did you write that? Yes. The co-writer, Tony Lauch. And it was a true story about my mother, my grandmother and his mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=1341.96,1484.39"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were writing partners and we decided we wanted to pay tribute to these great women's lives, and that's what came out. You were raised by your grandmother? No, I was raised by my mother. But our family was so close knit that the strength and the wisdom that I shared with my mother, it was easy to be saying that it came from my grandmother. She was a very, very important and powerful person in our family and still is. Real tough question. Okay. How would you classify your music? Well, it's just music. I have a very, very strong jazz foundation. And jazz has been the thing that has allowed me to explore all kinds of music and mostly more ethnic or third world music, because music was always very, very festive. And it kind of was the thing that was the the force that kind of drew me towards it. And I've always incorporated these things in my music. Jazz is it's about life expression, being able to express your life through music and also being able to have your craft and your technique together enough that or enough that you or the security that you have in yourself as a musician that you can do whatever you have to do. Now, you know, one doesn't have to look very deeply to see that you do have a strong commitment toward jazz. Do you think there will ever be a day when you might crossover into the pop scene? Well, I think pop music is music that people a whole lot of people buy, and that's what pushes it to the pop charts. I mean, that's why someone like a Tracy Chapman kind of happened or don't worry, Be Happy, which is a total vocal acapella song that everybody loves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=1486.5,1597.89"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's now pop. One is a folk or more folk oriented artist. The other one is a jazz based artist. So I feel like you do what you have to do. And if a lot of people like and they go out and buy it, that's what puts it in that particular category. To me, commercial is what sells. You were the first quote unquote, female jazz vocalist to perform in the Soviet Union. Describe the experience. Oh, it was absolutely wonderful. We I went with a group called the Center for Soviet-American Dialog, and it was a group of artists went over to share ideas and break down negative stereotypes, kind of build bridges with Soviet artists, and just really be honest with one another. We met with different musical groups. I took a young man by the name of Charles Mims, who's a jazz educator with me, and also a pianist who worked with two Soviet musicians faces. You learn anything musically in the Soviet Union? Yes. They have a lot of they're very passionate people in everything that they do. The music has always been very, very passionate. And one of the things I got a chance to share at a studio, which is the first independently owned recording studio in the Soviet Union, owned by a musician, a rock musician who was underground for about 15 years. His name was. His name is Dustin Hoffman. And he invited us. That was great because it's also a meeting place for musicians, blues, jazz, rock, whatever. And they get all of their tapes secondhand because the music really isn't sold in the Soviet Union, But they're up on everything their dedication, their love for the music. We discussed so many artists. They knew the history of black music in America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998#t=1598.37,1713.07"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/85809/file/173998/transcript/42228/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of them were very, very knowledgeable in that. We just shared a lot of ideas. But one thing I did come back with is people are the same all over. They all have opinions. They all cry. They all laugh. They all do the same things and they love the music. What's next for Dianne Reeves? We're going back in the studio in November to the next record. Start on the next record. It will be produced by George Duke and. We're looking forward to hear that. You. Thank you. My. I didn't know. Had a great time with the day. And really next week on City Line politics 88 Energy. Until then, enjoy your day. 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