{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/b27pn8zk94/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["The Middle Way, 1962-02-01"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://marmia.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/25501"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1962-02-01 (Broadcast)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["An episode about urban renewal in Baltimore City. (Scope and Content Note)","Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content. (Content warning)","Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program. (Funding note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1 U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["WJZ-UNKN-198-002 (Identifier)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Series Title"]},"value":{"en":["Focal Point"]}}],"summary":{"en":["An episode about urban renewal in Baltimore City.","Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content.","Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/202/533/small/open-uri20230802-555-awrk0e_1690986774.jpg?1690986775","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20250109-552-m1a7jc.mp4"]},"duration":1752.594,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/202/533/small/open-uri20230802-555-awrk0e_1690986774.jpg?1690986775","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-marmia.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/202/533/original/open-uri20250109-552-m1a7jc.mp4?1736443136","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1752.594,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AUTO_TRINT_WJZ-UNKN-198-002.mp4 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is many thousands of years ago, just after men had first fashioned the contacts and they had these houses with a pitched roof, had the walls plastered with clay, and they had fireplaces. There were 750 to 900 square feet, an area which qualifies for day insurance. That natural air conditioning, because they were spread over the lakes in Switzerland from which they were reclaimed and reconstructed. And I would say that if these houses today were put up in Miami, they would probably bring 1500 dollars a season. Charles Abrahams, United Nations consultant on housing. And if he's right, these are better than some 55,000 houses in the city of Baltimore. The City of Baltimore Urban Renewal. Two units, but neither one a stranger to the other urban renewal functions and a three pronged program with rehabilitation. The second prong or middle way. An extensive rehabilitation program touches more homes with greater impact than either clearance or conservation. Baltimore has led the nation in rehabilitation efforts, starting with the famous Baltimore plan and continuing with the current Harlem Park effort. Both the federal government and the city of Baltimore are committed to an extensive rehabilitation of our deteriorating urban areas. Rehabilitation offers neighborhoods such as Harlem Park. A new lease on life, restoring homes to livable conditions and creating neighborhood assets such as schools and playgrounds so that the neighborhood once again becomes attractive. Such a massive effort will create problems. People will be inconvenient. Techniques of rehabilitation must be developed and refined. That was the purpose of the so-called Free 14 demonstration block in Harlem Park to find the answers to the tough problems of rehabilitation. The answers are being found and are demonstrating our capacity to rehabilitate the older sections of the city. It has taken a long time and the progress has been too slow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=19.92,165.77"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the opinion of many, we now have the means to get on with the job. Harlem Park Project two in the Urban Renewal Plans of Baltimore, a 200 acre area bounded by Lafayette Avenue, Mulberry Street, Freeman Avenue and Monroe Street. Most of the houses are solid, but many are in need of repair. Some of the city's better houses can be found here, but slums have been likened to disease. And as the blight spreads, the healthy cells become infected by the sick ones. And the greater the infection, the faster the spread. If gross amputation is to be avoided, early diagnosis and treatment of infected areas is mandatory. Harlem Park is such an ill but salvageable area. The first step in the treatment. Set minimum standard list what each house should have in order to make it livable, not only for the family of 1962, but of 1972. The Baltimore Urban Renewal and Housing Agency drew up such a list for this neighborhood. This is what was done with one typical block. That is what can be done by private enterprise. But the city must cooperate in rehabilitation to be part of the project. Two area is the school site. Here is one of the few parts of the project to submit to a total demolition. And you're emulating assistant Director for a renewal operation to be built here in Harlem. Part are two schools. One will be an elementary school containing 24 classrooms designed to accommodate 900 students. There will also be a combination junior high school and community center. The auditorium and gymnasium will serve both the school and the community here in the Harlem Park area. Neighborhood becomes an important word. It is a word that those most interested in this subject hope, will come to indicate something more than a piece of geography or a location on a city map.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=166.76,321.98"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The stress in that direction is being encouraged in many ways. The history of rehabilitation and conservation as a slum prevention program has been marred by failures. The importance of such a program, however, cannot be underestimated. Its objective is the preservation of values contained in existing residential structures. As such, a considerable share of the national wealth is at stake. But the improvement of the houses by the owners is only one of the ingredients of neighborhood rehabilitation. The area must be correctly zoned or zoned, with adequate controls being provided for nonconforming uses and incompatible uses. Overcrowding of dwelling units or structures must not be permitted through traffic in residential neighborhoods must be minimized or diverted. Adequate educational and and recreational facilities such as schools, parks and playground with meet the needs of all age groups in an area must be preserved. The plan is to clear from the rear yard decaying buildings and broken fences and debris so that a park for the citizens use might be built in each of the 29 blocks. This is a revolutionary idea in planning, and the results of this experiment are of national significance. The reaction to the one completed interior park has been mixed. I love the idea of the trees and all right in the middle of the city. For years now, people in this neighborhood have been spending their summers on their front porch. Plus, it's much too late now to change their habits at this stage. The park is a way. Well, summer school on the back porch. No, it wasn't on the front porch, but only cleanable in the backyard. The straw would be wonderful. These interior parks are just a waste of good residential land. You put the one park smack in the middle of the area, let everyone you drive cost less in the first place, save money and let them through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=322.94,464.7"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole thing's a waste. They won't let the kids play ball. In fact, I've never seen any of the children on the playground all summer. I don't care what anybody says it. It's friendly and I like the idea. But of course, the city double crossed. They promised to assign two recreational workers to the park, but they never did. It makes us wonder about that community center. They're building rats to be handled by the Department of Recreation, too. You know, you can never trust those politicians. Suspicion of politicians may at times be unjustified, but at all times it exists. It is doubtful that even the neighborhood council, no matter how successful it becomes, will ever overcome that, especially since in urban renewal, the citizen must deal with his government and the rest of all areas. The pocketbook repairs cost money, and by law, the government can force a homeowner to make repairs. That man is a housing inspector. His job is to enforce the housing codes that maintain the minimum standards to be adhered to in every Baltimore home. Baltimore was a pioneer in the field of housing codes. Other cities have imitated the so-called Baltimore plan for their housing need. Nevertheless, Baltimore did develop slum. Some critics said there was too much of a good thing. Baltimore had ten separate housing codes enforced by five agencies. The police were responsible for outside sanitation. The fire department was responsible for all public spaces and all buildings throughout the city. Bureau of Building Inspection was in charge of all multiple dwelling units. The Health department took care of one and two family units except in urban renewal areas. Then the Baltimore Urban Renewal and Housing Agency took over ten code five agencies and a puzzled citizenry. Since the codes overlap, officials were puzzled to needed a uniform code uniformly enforced by one responsible agency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=465.63,607.02"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But which agency? There were two schools of thought. One maintained that since housing standards are the basis of urban renewal and that housing codes are the main enforcement instruments for putting any renewal plan into action, the job should go here. Others maintain that since violations often mean new building along with permit to do that building, assigning the job to any agency. But this would lead to expensive duplication. Then, on December 18, 1961, a final decision was made. The agency chosen the Bureau of Building Inspection. Mayor Jay Harold Grady. Beginning January 2nd, the city government gave Baltimore its first unified Housing Code, inspection and enforcement. We eliminated the confusion and division of authority which had existed under the old system, which gave five separate city departments sometimes conflicting responsibilities in the field of inspection and code enforcement. Today, full responsibility is centered in the Bureau of Building Inspection, and we are finally prepared to make a unified attack on housing blight and deterioration in the city. In preparation for this intensified effort, we have extensively modernized and automated the recordkeeping system of the bureau. This will make possible a closer control and a closer follow up on violations than has ever been possible here before. The inspection staff is being strengthened as rapidly as possible. We now have some 20 vacancies to fill and we intend to find the best qualified persons to fill them. Our inspection personnel will receive a three month training course, more intensive than any heretofore given any new employees in this field. We want our inspection force to be trained not only in the technicalities of construction, but also in the social aspects of housing and the respective responsibilities of homeowners, landlord and tenant. Provision has also been made for close liaison between the Bureau of Building Inspection and the Baltimore Urban Renewal and Housing Agency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=608.7,734.97"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With building inspections, supplying service in accordance with the standards set by urban renewal authorities in those areas which are officially designated urban renewal projects. In short, then, I am confident that we are off to a good start in Baltimore's first unified program of housing code, inspection and enforcement. We've given the Bureau of Building Inspection the tools to do the job, and I'm sure that they will do it both effectively and conscientiously. Effective tools are vital. But one of the people it's wonderful. Why? Since this neighborhood's become an urban renewal area, the morale has gone up. People are taking better care of their houses. It travels. It's just wonderful. That's a pretty widespread opinion in the Highland Park area Urban renewal project, too. But the feeling is by no means unanimous. There are strong feelings against urban renewal and rehabilitation, and they center around that root of many strong feelings. Money, as we indicated, repair has cost money, and the housing code gives the city the right to force the homeowner to make repairs further as part of the rehabilitation of this area. Housing standards have been raised. Some new items have been put into the code. Stricter interpretations have been applied to other parts. I bought this house with a good house. It was inspected. No violation. Then all of a sudden I'm inspected again. And I got a long list of violations and it cost me. What were the violations before? For years, I've been giving my tenants adequate heat as prescribed in the housing code. Now, what was adequate is no longer adequate. And what is now adequate is also responsive to valid complaints stemming from valid situation. Defenders of the renewal activities point out that many of Baltimore's problems are the result of housing inspections being too lax in the past and of the code itself being too general and thus open to various interpretations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=736.17,863.32"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Serves them right. People should have kept the houses up without inspection. Besides that, all the complaints are coming from the absentee landlord. All they want is to make money and they don't care what happens to the neighborhood. Now, that's nonsense. First of all, if property values go down, we lose money. And let's face another situation. We have tenants paying $22 a week and we have to spend several thousand dollars rehabilitating the place. Now, do we get more rent? No. The best we can do is throw $22 a week. Well, what about those slumlords who just let their property waste away while they collect rent? Until it is so bad, the city has to buy it. The time has got to come. When? When the city stops paying absentee landlords for neglecting their property. Now, that makes no sense at all. First of all, housing in Baltimore is a buyer's market. There are more apartments than are needed, so nobody has to live in a bad apartment. Secondly, when the city took over a lot of those properties in Highland Park, they were purchased by investors who had to agree to fix them up. If you want to attract investment, there's got to be a return right enough to pay for the money invested and the headaches that go with dealing with tenants. Much to be said on both sides, and there are exceptions to every tool. For instance, Baltimore is a buyer's market as far as housing is concerned. It is a buyer's market for those who have the money. But as long as overcrowding is the nation's and probably Baltimore is number one housing violations, there is proof positive that there are people without the employment skills to earn enough to pay the prevailing rent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=864.82,976.3"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what if the homeowner who does not have much money? This man owns a minority share of the home he lived in. The bank holds the first mortgage that he has trouble keeping up with, and he has a problem. If he is the average Highland Park homeowner. Rehabilitation is going to cost him between 3 to $4000 dollars he does not have. Also, it is the average Highland Park homeowner. He would blame urban renewal for the additional financial burden rather than the fact that over the years, inadequate inspection has allowed his house to run down to the place where it now needs $4,000 worth of rehabilitation. However, he learned that he can get help from urban renewal agencies, too. He can come here. I have no idea how to begin all of these repairs. Can you recommend a contract to someone to do the work? We do not recommend it to contractors. However, the agency furnishes certain services such as renewal estimates and financial advisory to assist you. Well, how do I get in touch with these people? Well, suppose I call up or order. I will proceed from there. Automated offices. He is told of the various ways he can get the needed money, either by conventional or uninsured. FHA Loan Baltimore Savings and Loan associations have pooled $2 million for Harlem Park Rehabilitation loan. Often, methods are found to make the additional indebtedness less of a burden by obtaining longer than usual payment plan. Finally, he is advised not to pay for the work until there has been another inspection and his violations closed down. Presumably this story has a happy ending. But not all cases are so simple. Besides the good credit risk, who needs help in taking on additional financial commitments? There is the poor credit risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=977.83,1095.86"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"70% of these are absentee landlords. Sometimes they can get loans that they will pay a premium interest rate. Then there is the problem of the man who may not have enough equity in his property to warrant a loan. Banks take a dim view of lending $4,000 to a man so he can repair a house in which he has only $1,000 of his own invested. But for the Harlem Park Project, some banks are relaxing their requirements along this line. One of the most difficult areas financially is with the aged. Again, banks do not like to lend money to the elderly and many of these people are living on small fixed income. But as sympathetic as renewable authorities may be the plight of the elderly. It is still held that in a renewal neighborhood there must not be any exceptions. Bad apples cannot be left in the barrel. The only solution seems to lie in some plan to be worked out by the Fake Blank Fund, a nonprofit, public contribution supported revolving loan organization. It is hoped that the Flight Flight Fund could purchase the buildings, give the owners a life tenancy, and then recover its money with the subsequent resale of the house. There's a lot of stress. It's still only in the plotting stage. But out of fairness to both the city with its huge expenditures and urban renewal and to these long time tenant owners, it was only asset maybe their house. Some equitable plan must be evolved. As vexing as all these problems, there is yet one more that is even more troublesome. A man can in the city of Baltimore, be a good credit risk, have a healthy equity in his property, make good wages, and be young enough to warrant the assurance that he can continue to make money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=1096.61,1203.67"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet it can be almost impossible for him to get the loans he needs to cooperate with urban renewal. This is the plight of the one Baltimore and out of every three who happens to be colored. The white supremacist who recently advocated lynching Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren was guilty, among other things, of a baleful ignorance of the history of housing. Segregated housing is a comparatively recent development, even in the South, or perhaps especially in the South. The tradition of desegregated housing goes back a couple of centuries before Earl Warren was even born. It was traditional up to the turn of the century for the interior of blacks to be inhabited by the Negroes who functioned primarily as servants for the whites whose houses face the street. It is these interior houses that are now being torn down to make room for the park areas. It was not until the Negro became educationally and financially better fitted to take his place in the community, that the community began to reject him. And a great myth was born that just one colored family move into the neighborhood and everybody's property values go down. We cannot afford to let the Negroes move in. That statement is untrue, provably untrue on a dollar and cents basis. But this myth has been kept alive either because it was the sincere belief of many white landowners or because it could be used as a convenient excuse to hold onto the status quo no matter what its reason. The existence of this myth has worth much injury to both the Negro tenant and the Negro landowner. That man is a white collar worker, a college graduate. He holds down what is for a Negro, a well-paying job, though he is paid less than a wife would receive for the same work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=1204.39,1320.7"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is a responsible family man and will most likely continue to hold his job or a better one until he has pension. They had some savings which they wanted to invest in a home. What can they buy now? Mr. Smith, I'm glad you came in because I've got a lovely old house to show you. Ten rooms, three baths, really steeped in tradition, built by an old lying Maryland family. I believe they call themselves the Middletons, both around 1850, even before the civil war. Yes, sir. We have servant's quarters, a garage that holds three cars and recently had a trash disposal unit installed. And I'll tell you what I'm going to do, Mr. Smith. I'm going to throw in a power lawnmower just for good measure. And, oh, incidentally, Mr. Smith, we do have access to five different streetcar and bus lines in this area. It's a wonderful community, Mr. Smith. You really can't go wrong. It is a hard fact that here, too. The Negro pays more for a house than the White House. Now comes the problem of financing the purchase. Most of the sources of money open to whites are not open to the Negro. In some cases, the Negro gets smaller loans at a higher interest rate, which has to be paid off in less time. As with the house itself, he is getting less value, but more cost. So again, the Negro purchaser is raising property values, not lowering them, but considered from one angle. The myth is true. Often the Negro burdened with higher payments has no money left to maintain his house. This brings us again to rehabilitation and the Harlem Park Project. Just as the Negro finds it more difficult to finance the purchase of his house, he finds it proportionately more difficult to finance repairs than does his white neighbor, who in turn has not found that that's too easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=1321.6,1428.76"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In theory, no homeowner in the urban renewal area should be having financing difficulties by federal law. Improvement loans and certified urban renewal areas ought to be insured by the Federal Housing Administration. But theory and practice can be two very different things. Up until November 2nd of last year, only one FHA approved loan had been granted in the Phantom Park area. And Negro homeowners predicted that even if the FHA did function more actively in the rehabilitation area, they would still suffer discrimination. They cited past experiences where Negroes were denied FHA purchase loans under circumstances where a white would be approved. And on November 2nd, 1961, Housing and Home Finance Administrator Robert C Weaver announced that the federal government had selected Harlem Park for the first attempt at a new rehabilitation approach. Mr. Oren Bullock. The federal agencies that you are and the FHA were conscious of this national trouble. And because Baltimore was close, we were one of the first to visit it. And they found here that we had set up the Harlem Park Project in an ideal neighborhood, I think. And they thought so too, to experiment with rehabilitation. They found that we had, unlike many other cities in the country, a very complete staff, people who could offer advice to home owners, customers, architecturally trained people, people who knew about banking and mortgage credit, who could give advice on financing. And the net result of it was that Baltimore was selected as a pilot city, a city where they would try a brand new cooperation between the federal agency and the local agency. As of January of this year, no new FHA commitment had been issued since November. The FHA had been reorganizing, developing new standards and perfecting processing technique and the flow of applications and commitments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=1429.9,1563.53"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As expected, the processing taking about 30 days. At any rate, the success of the Harlem Park Project is important not only to Baltimore but to the nation. It is the first major rehabilitation effort in the renewal program here and one of the first in the country. Honored success or failure of the experiment being tried here. Bend the rehabilitation plans of cities from coast to coast. But there are other areas where rehabilitation must be made to work to preserve the city. We have learned many lessons in California. It is a positive demonstration of the ability of public and private efforts to maintain property value in every city department and learn important lessons from the Bureau of Building Inspection with its Code Enforcement Program for the Renewal Agency, with its administration and responsibility for the total program. Not everybody involved will be satisfied, but the city can prove to itself that rehabilitation can work to reestablish human and economic value and the deteriorating sections of our city. And in the final analysis here, we will find out just how far we have advanced since that time, when he was considered, quite rightly, the world's foremost housing expert. Two weeks from tonight, Focal Point continues the six part series on the Baltimore Urban Renewal program. We shall hear a discussion of the issues raised here tonight. And four weeks from tonight, another film report on urban renewal in Baltimore. Conservation will be the subject of focal point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533#t=1564.07,1656.92"}]},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/102810/file/202533/transcript/48991/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/048/991/original/open-uri20230817-2102-2zf31n?1692308484","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/048/991/original/open-uri20230817-2102-2zf31n?1692308484"}]}]}]}