{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ww76t0jg5n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Robert Robinson; Rick James, 1988-09-14"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://marmia.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/5291"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1988-09-14 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content. (Content warning)","Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program. (Funding note)","Robert Robinson discusses his 44-year struggle to leave the Soviet Union. Rick James discusses his absence from the music industry and why he decided to return. (Scope and Content Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1 U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["WJZ-CTYLN-009-005 (Identifier)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Series Title"]},"value":{"en":["City Line"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content.","Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program.","Robert Robinson discusses his 44-year struggle to leave the Soviet Union. 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I'm Jackie Hall. And I'm Gerald Anthony. On today's show, I have a story of despair, frustration, hope and triumph in the Soviet Union. Our guest is the author of the book Black on Red. Mr. Robert Robinson will discuss with us his fascinating autobiography about his 44 year odyssey out of Russia. Then later, Rick James, the king of super funk, is making his comeback after five and a half years. We'll see a truly different side of this legendary star. All of that and more on this edition of Cityline. Yeah. Welcome to City Line. As we said, we have a fascinating story today that is kind of hard to believe. Our guest is Robert Robinson, who lived 44 years trapped in the Soviet Union. And we thank you for joining us today on City Line here. Welcome. You know, it's almost unbelievable. Was there ever a time during the 44 years that you didn't think that you would ever make it out? Well, to be honest with you, I must tell you that. Before you. I am a real testimony of the power of prayer, notwithstanding the fact that there were times when I saw no hope. But I never gave it up. But why do you think, though, that the Russians kept you, Robert Robinson, there against your will for 44 years? Why you? Why did they find the need to keep you there? You see, the Soviets, or mostly all foreigners who go to the Soviet Union. They can only stay there for two or three years. And what they see is what the Soviets allow them to see where. In other words, they were on the outside. They did not know what was going inside. Was this in terms of your being there? So you weren't really aware of all that was going on all under control? I was on the inside working every day with 24,000 Russian workers, engineers and others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=86.7,259.92"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What what what did the country have to gain by keeping you there? How were you? Were you a propaganda tool? Is that why they wouldn't allow you? To some extent? Yes. I was a propaganda tool, and the reason why I was kept there against my will is that I refused many times to speak against capitalism in favor of socialism. So you did do that in Russia, in Soviet Russia. Today, you either be for or against. There's no middle road. Do you think in a way that that is a part of what kept you alive? Yes. On my face. My face. Now, let's go back. You were how old when you took the job to go to the Soviet Union? 83. 23 years old. You were working in Detroit as a toolmaker and engineer? Yes. And so some Soviets who were visiting the plant saw you, like against 700 points and saw you liked what they saw. You wanted a worm, the only black. So they came to me when I was working, looked at me and they asked where they would like to come to the Soviet Union teach. I guess it's obvious to us your answer was yes. No, I said yes with pleasure. But I didn't put any meaning to it because I didn't know who they were. Well, when you decided. Yes. And you put your name to the contract, why? What entered into your decision to do that? There were two reasons. One was the Depression. The Depression was the entire country was suffering from the Depression. Secondly, people were being discharged all over the country. The Ford Motor Company began to discharge. Also, being a black man in those days In America. In America. I knew my time would be any day, even a black man with your skills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=261.029,396.54"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even a black man with my skills, because it took me 13 different times before I was employed at the Ford Motor Company. Okay. And so what you were talking about more than anything else was maintaining employment, gainful employment? Yes, because I was the sole supporter of my mother. And so you said yes to an offer that doubled your salary for a one year contract, Your Honor. Do you think that a part of your problem as well was your naivete, that you were just simply naive and didn't understand what the Soviet Union was all about in 1930? I was very young. I was never interested in politics. I didn't know the real objective of the Soviet Union. And what is more, I think you would have done the same thing I did was the fact that by 1932 there were 17 million unemployed in the United States, and they offered me a second contract for one more year. Okay, what could I do? Come back and bring the soup line or take the job and stay there for another? So you decided to stay And what did you find? What was the Soviet life like during those days? Well, in the 1930s, it was not very encouraging for the average Russian people. What we foreigners who had a contract. There was a special store there for us. We could get anything that we could get here. Then what about living quarters? I was given free living quarters. Did you have free movement throughout the country? Well, I cannot say throughout the country, but where I was working, I had free movement. What about your relationship with the Russian people who were working either with you or who lived near you or you did business with or whatever? Well, I went over there to instruct to teach what I was doing at the Ford Motor Company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=397.41,540.46"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the very first day I was working with the Russians. The rank and file. We had separate the restaurants where I could go and eat. The Russians were not primitive and I never saw what they ate. But I afterward I learned what it was, was different from what I was getting. Okay. And they were. I could feel having been in America, I could feel times when some Russians did not feel nice about me. I could feel it. Hold that point for just a moment. We're going to take a break and come back on that very, very point. Stay with us. We'll take a break and come right back. Welcome back. Mr. Robinson Just before that break, we were talking about your relationship to the Soviet citizens. What was that like? Well, among the Soviet workers, we got along very well. But there were quite a number of intelligentsia, such as engineer doctors. I could feel the racism in their eyes, the way they would look at me. But the average worker, he was very nice to me. I have no complaint. Were you led to believe when you were offered the job and even after you first got there that Russia was without any racial prejudice at all and that it was a free country and all were equal? No, I didn't know that. But I in those days, I didn't think there was a worse country than America when it comes to race prejudice, because that's the first country I experienced it. Now, you went to Russia with 400 other workers, but they were all white. And you were the only black. Only black. What about your relationship with them? It was, as I have explained, in black and on a red. It was not very good, wasn't very good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=542.44,683.89"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did everything to get me out. When that didn't succeed, I was they tried to beat me up physically, physically. And we there was a trial in which those two were punished. One was sent back immediately, and another one, they allowed him to finish a one year contract. When he wanted to renew it, they refused and he was sent back. It was interesting when I read about that fight now, I remembered that they the Russians, also use that as a propaganda tool, didn't they? And they made you into a hero. I became a hero overnight without doing anything. Why were you so uncomfortable with it? Because I'm not used to it. I was not used to do that. Work in your favor or did it work against you? What do you really mean? I don't get your point. You're becoming a hero to them and their press and everywhere. And even among the people. Do you think that that worked against you because it brought more attention to you? I really don't know, because I was not interested. I do felt that I was being used as a propaganda tool, but I was not concerned with that. I was concerned in doing my job. That's what I was interested in. In the 44 years that you were there. Did you develop any love relationships, any intimate relationships with the Russian women or anyone else that may have been in the country that would have at least normalized your life? I have. Written in black and white what my personal life was. I was not free to engage in any relationship with a Russian woman, and I was forced to leave, as it were, a celibate life because it was too dangerous for me. Okay. We have questions from members of our audience who'd like to talk to you now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=685.27,822.0"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"QUESTION Yes. What can the United States and Americans learn from the Soviet system and its sitting citizens? I didn't get that. What can the United States learn from the Soviets and their citizens? What can we learn from the Soviets? There's a lot to be learned in the first place from the ordinary Americans, which very many I have discovered. They have a very poor notion about the Soviet regime, the system. And what is more distressing? As I have clearly pointed out, on black and red. They do not understand the Soviet mentality, which is entirely different from that of America. Does glasnost give you any hope that it has changed since? That is the new thrust and the new relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States? Is that hopeful? Again, allow me to quote from black and unread because I want this story to be stripped. Perestroika may be a good thing, and I personally, I have nothing against the Russian people. Not that they are nice people. They are like people like in America. They need just the same thing that you and I need. But knowing the system, how it works, I have doubts about perestroika. Okay. We have another question from the audience. Mr. Robinson, you did spend a lot of time in the inside of the Soviet Union. And even though you were trying to leave for so many years, are there times when you've you've seen how many changes are there times when you miss it? When you look back now and maybe you say that you you did spend such a long time there, do you miss it at times where necessary? Yes. You want me to be honest with you, where you are to give me $1,000,000 now and say go there for one day? I would tell, you know, there is a philosophy if in saying that there are times when a good thing is good to have all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=822.72,978.24"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have had enough. Now, you were pretty much under house arrest. Almost almost. You were a U.S. citizen when you first got there. Did you relinquish your citizenship? Yes. Did you become a Soviet to. I did. Under circumstances beyond my control. Would you like to explain that? First of all, on December 10th, 1934, without my consent. And those of you please who have the book read Black and red to see the details, I can only give you the the overall situation that I was elected. Here is an American citizen elected to the Moscow Soviet without my consent and against my will. Let me ask you quickly, only because we're just about out of time, how did you finally get out? I got out through a ruse. I met an African ambassador, and when he was leaving, he wanted me to go with him and teach in Uganda. Africa. India means country. It means country. It means country. I told him I could not go because the Soviets would not allow me to go. He said he would do everything to get me to come and help. That's how I was able to get 45 days vacation out of Russia. And I was allowed $176 for 45 days. Okay. Mr. Robinson, we thank you for coming by to give us a glimpse. Of what it was like for you for 44 years in Russia. If you'd like to have the fascinating reading about the story of this 44 year odyssey, I recommend Black on Read by Mr. Robert Robinson. And we thank you for coming by. We'll take a break. And we have the community calendar up next. So stay tuned. Jackie, I have to tell you, that was an absolutely fascinating discussion that you had with Mr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=979.59,1155.8"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ryan. I found it exciting. But later on, we're going to be back with an interview with the King of Pop, Rick Perry. Stay tuned for that. Six. Welcome back to City Life. You know, recently I had a chance to interview a man who single handedly changed the face of American music. I saw Rick James at the Palladium. I expected him to be brash and arrogant, but he had a very human side, as you'll see in this interview. Why the layoff? Why a five and five year hiatus, five one half years, five and a half year layoff? I wonder if I wanted to go like ten years. I thought five years hiatus was fine. I don't know. It's. I was gigging for like I was working for like six years straight. So 78. And I'm coming off a string of a lot of records and a lot of, quote, adulation and stuff. And it was a lot of fun. And then I woke up one day and I just said, This is like really boring you. And it was just like, make an album, do a tour to a television show, make an album, do a tour. The television show just became really redundant, you know, just really just an ongoing thing of the same old thing I am. I just got really tired of it, you know, and I decided I needed time myself, really. So in other words, you feel as though you were being tapped out creatively and you needed time. You've managed to create a wee bit drained, you know. I mean, I was on stage in New Orleans about 60 or 70,000 people or something, and I just looked all of a sudden I just said, Well, this is me through this again took of my last time and performed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1156.04,1290.53"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But during your hiatus, you did have your hand in the production end of the business. Did you know? Well, musically, yeah. I mean, you know, music is something I can never quite, you know, seem to get away from. I was doing quite a few acts and then five years I half is such as Eddie Murphy, the Mary Jane Girls. I did three albums on them. Couple movie sound things, soundtrack things. I'm value all these hours. I did quite well in the dance charts. Like Marilyn Monroe. Yeah, yeah. Process and do rags these five guys and put together kind of old fifties kind of doo wop stuff and a few other things. And the thing was Chaka Khan and, you know, stuff like that. And it was doing fun stuff. I was doing stuff I really wanted to do. Describe for me. Describe for me your childhood. You come from a family of eight. Mm hmm. Okay. What was your childhood like? First off, where you from? Music musical from Buffalo. Uh huh. And I grew up for boys. For girls. And my father left. My mother in law was quite young, and she did a the job took on a job of being a father, mother and raising all of us. And she did a wonderful job, I think. I was told of some of my mother was absolutely deaf trouble, you know, in and out of, you know, juvenile homes. And they went to jail a couple of times. And I was raised to do that. Mm hmm. I guess I had to. Were you angry or. Yeah, I was. You know, I mean, I had a lot of it in, you know, an internal I mean, I was angry that, you know, there was a ghetto I was angry that there were black people in and I was angry that there was poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1291.49,1393.28"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was angry that, you know, my family didn't have a Cadillac. You know, it was I can't stand Cadillacs. I'm glad she didn't get one. But I was angry about a lot of things. I was angry. My mother had to work two or three jobs to support us. I was angry. I was on welfare and I was angry and all those things. But it's fine to be angry and to be bitter. It's another thing to like change those things around. So then you obviously saw music as a as a way out of your social situation. Absolutely. Absolutely. I mean, I hadn't gone to school and in those days it was like, hey, you know, go to college. If you don't get degrees and education, you're going to be nothing in life. Which is somewhat true. I had to. Music is something that came to me naturally. I mean, I would beat on pots and pans. Naturally. I'd pick up a broom and stuff and I could guitar and all these weird things and said, Yourself a prodigy or just hard work? Probably a little bit of both, you know. But my mother was a singer, but most of my family, I mean, you know, musically inclined, I guess. So I wanted out, you know, my own situation. That's that's I feel is not right, whether it be politically or spiritually or physically. I went out and I was determined to get out. So I went to Canada because I want to live in Europe. I travel. I saw Ireland put it all together in music. I made it work. At any point did drugs get to be a problem in your life? Yes, Drugs were a very problematic, very serious problem at different points in times of my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1393.91,1497.89"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think drugs and alcohol and all that, all that kind of stuff is indicative of a lifestyle of love and music and entertainment. I find most musicians and painters I know. Um, escaping. Maybe, um, some of the rooms that enhances the creativity, which I think is kind of funny. But the bottom line of it is that I'm, I've had my ups and downs with that so I can write about it and I can talk about it, and I'm experienced to do that. And we get the honor of being your first stop. Well, I love Baltimore, and I've always had very great success, Baltimore, Washington area. I don't think it was too much of a surprise for my people when I decided that I wanted to play in Baltimore. The first part of this tour are small places such as what we're in now, the Palladium. And that's for me to get a feeling that, you know, I don't think I could have just jumped in doing 60, 70,000 people, maybe six or 7000 with three or 4000 of that. You know, for that that I jump in where I could get a closeness. Last night I really enjoyed it and it was like it kind of gave me that old feeling again. Well, yeah, it's good for me just to to just relate to people. And I'm in a closeness right now. That's I think it's really good for me, as opposed to being far away and having the, you know, the grandiose lights and everything set up and the backdrops and the falling lights and pyro. You know, people are like, right there. I can touch them and reach out. Was it like riding a bike? I mean, did you just jump right back on and you were gone? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1498.13,1597.25"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jump, jump back on the set a couple times. Yeah. Yeah. How did you feel before the show? Was there any apprehension? Yeah, I was scared. I was really scares. Very nervous. You know, I was really, really nervous. And he said, You still nervous? Yeah. I don't know when that's going to stop. Maybe never will it? Never part of the game. I mean, I do all week because it was a time because it was a time when I used to, you know, I used to go out there was, you know, yeah, let me have them, you know, a lot of them. But now there's a bit of anxiety and that I think that's good. You know, I think it's good for one to feel emotional. It's good bye, George. I think we might be ready for them. All t. I'm Jackie Hall. And I'm Harold Anthony. I'll see you next Sunday at noon on satellite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1597.5,1643.37"}]},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/transcript/48950/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/048/950/original/open-uri20230817-2847-pnfkaa?1692293113","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/048/950/original/open-uri20230817-2847-pnfkaa?1692293113"}]},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Robert Robinson and Rick James, 1988-09-14 03-20-2024 21:36 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guest interview","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=145.0,1111.0"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robert Robinson, Author","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=145.0,1111.0"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Entertainment Page with Harold Anthony","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1190.0"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interview with Rick James","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1190.0"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Music video feature; Community calendar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1111.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342/index/82838/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Count Basie","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/105575/file/206342#t=1111.0,1190.0"}]}]}]}