{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zc7rn32c5f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["A Time For Change, 1965"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://marmia.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/16471"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1965 (Broadcast)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content. (Content warning)","Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program. (Funding note)","A documentary special about the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It was narrated by Arthur Godfrey, written by Vernon Hixson, and produced and edited by John Quigley. (Scope and Content Note)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1 U-matic"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["WJZ-UNKN-145-001 (Identifier)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Series Title"]},"value":{"en":["Documentary Specials"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Be advised that this video may contain sensitive, triggering, and offensive language and content.","Digitized with funding provided by the Council on Library and Information Resources' \"Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives: Amplifying Unheard Voices\" grant program.","A documentary special about the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It was narrated by Arthur Godfrey, written by Vernon Hixson, and produced and edited by John Quigley."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["MARMIA"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/053/original/cropped-marmia-logo-copy1.png?1586173104","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/267/684/small/thumbnail_267684_1742306709.jpg?1742306711","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - open-uri20250314-1605153-ptlj8m.mp4"]},"duration":1953.066,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/267/684/small/thumbnail_267684_1742306709.jpg?1742306711","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-marmia.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/267/684/original/open-uri20250314-1605153-ptlj8m.mp4?1741982617","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1953.066,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AUTO_TRINT_WJZ-UNKN-145-001_FFV1.ia.mp4 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e When the land was young, the people were different. They lived in other ways. Their travels were slower, maybe more romantic, certainly less frequent. Their clothes, customs, possessions, and methods were not the same as ours. They earned their daily bread at tasks long since gone. More importantly, they thought differently. In those times, Americans were not one people. They had come, but recently, from many lands and many races. Thanks for watching! They had embraced various religions, traditions, and aspirations. Most came to the New World to find freedom. Yet not all here came of their own choosing, nor were all free. Some had come in bondage, in change. In time, they were emancipated, yet never completely freed. Old ways die slowly, but all things must change with time. It is July 2nd, 1964. The President of the United States is about to sign into law an Act of Congress. He tells his countrymen why this law is necessary and right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=39.42,155.46"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Now our generation of Americans has been called on to continue the unending search for justice within our own borders. We believe that all men are entitled to the blessings of liberty, yet millions are being deprived of those blessings, not because of their own failures, but because of the color of their skin. The reasons are deeply embedded in history and tradition and the nature of man. We can understand without rancor or hatred how this all happened. but it cannot continue. Our Constitution, the foundation of our Republic, forbids it. The principles of our freedom, forbid it. Morality, forbids it. And the law I will sign tonight, forbids it. The purpose of this law is simple. It does not restrict the freedom of any American so long as he respects the rights of others. It does not give special treatment to any citizen. It does say that there are those who are equal before God shall now also be equal in the polling booths, in the classrooms, in the factories, and in hotels and restaurants and movie theaters and other places that provide service to the public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=157.29,255.79"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e The document the president signed, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, is divided into eleven titles or sections. Each is written in complex legal language. Yet, the simple purpose of the law is clear. To extend the full rights of American citizenship to every American citizen. A major section, Title VI. deals with the use of federal funds and requires that discrimination in any form must be eliminated from any program paid for by the government. Federal financial assistance to state, local, and private programs is immense. It involves billions of dollars yearly, affecting all 50 of the United States in hundreds of programs. In education, school lunch and milk programs, even loans to college students. In aids to communities, public works and housing programs, roads... airports, recreational facilities, public buildings, library projects, and aids. In health and welfare, research funds and facilities, hospital construction and staffing. In employment programs, state job placement activities, manpower training projects. In aids to farmers... conservation, marketing, crop improvement programs, rural electrification. All of these and many other governmentally assisted programs are intended to enrich American life. The civil rights law ensures that every American has an equal opportunity to benefit from them. Administrators of these programs must first seek voluntary compliance with the provisions of the law, and only as a final resort is the termination of federal funds considered. The logic of these requirements is unassailable, for it is a hallowed American tradition that all citizens must have an equal chance to share in the benefits of any program for which all the citizens have been taxed. It is also an American tradition that those who pay these taxes shall have the right to influence how their money is spent. To do this, All taxpayers must first be able to vote. Almost two centuries ago, the cry, no taxation without representation, was heard and a violent revolution began in this land because that fundamental right was denied to the people. Today, a peaceful revolution is underway in nation and the motive force is the same, for many Americans are still denied a voice in directing their destiny. They are barred from the polling places simply because they are not This practice is sustained by a simple device, discriminatory voter registration. Though the 1964 act strengthened earlier voting rights laws, additional implementing legislation is already in process. However, the act of 1964 specifically prohibits many of the techniques used to disqualify certain applicants. Thanks for watching! such as rejecting a potential voter for a minor mistake or omission on a literacy test, or by asking more difficult questions of certain applicants than of others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=257.48,508.93"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Give me the substance of each section of Article IV of the United States Constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=511.97,515.909"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e U.S. Civil Rights Commission reports indicate there are hundreds of variations, including the standard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=517.74,524.76"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me how many days old you are, boy. Counting leap years and everything. Tell me till the exact day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=528.24,533.62"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e Despite these practices, and in the face of intimidation, reprisals, and outright violence, thousands of Americans continue their efforts to qualify as voters. The Civil Rights Act provides a foundation for improving these conditions. Where a literacy test is used to determine voter qualification, the law requires that it be the same for all applicants. that it be given in writing, and that a copy of the questions and answers must be made available upon request. further discourages the abuses of literacy testing by presuming that completion of the sixth grade is generally sufficient qualification without a test. To speed the inevitable litigation in voting cases, courts are required to act without delay. Either the attorney general or the defendant may ask for a prompt hearing before a free judge federal court, and appeals may be taken directly to the Supreme Court. The citizen's right to vote lies at the foundation of our government and our way of life. In the polling places, all Americans must find equality. Of all the many forms of humiliation that can be visited upon a man, few can be as frustrating and damaging to his self-respect as being refused the simple necessities of life. at a place of public accommodation. There are areas of our nation, even today, where a citizen is denied food and lodging because of his color and sometimes because of his religion or national origin. An ordinary weekend trip for some families can be a journey through sh- A part of the civil rights law is designed to end this affront to human dignity. It forbids discrimination in most places that open their doors to the public, and applies to most hotels, motels, and other lodging places, restaurants, cafeterias, and other In states where laws barring discrimination in public facilities are already in force, the federal government first asks local authorities to investigate a complaint. Where no such law exists, court action may be initiated by individuals, and the Attorney General of the United States may join in if he certifies the case is of general public interest. He may himself file suit if he has caused to believe a pattern of discrimination exists. Since the civil rights law was enacted, the public accommodations provisions have been generally accepted and observed. Even in some areas where discrimination had been practiced for centuries. Thanks for watching! some voices of resistance are heard. They claim the law is unconstitutional, that compelling desegregation of public facilities is not the proper function of the government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=535.12,758.84"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 4:\u003c/strong\u003e and I'm opposed to forced integration, and that's what the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is. The president previously said that such a bill would make a police state out of America, and we do have one in our country today. And I'm going to fight it with all of my being, and my life is dedicated to that purpose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=759.88,776.88"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e On December 14th, 1964, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down a clear decision on this section of the civil rights law. The court ruled it was indeed constitutional and that Congress possesses ample authority to enact such legislation under its power to regulate interstate commerce. The fundamental justice of the decision was apparent to some Americans long before it was handed down. And many voluntarily chose to end discrimination in their places of business. Others hesitated, fearing economic loss, disorders, or personal criticism. The experience of a hotel chain manager speaks for itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=778.91,827.63"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 5:\u003c/strong\u003e economically, he's not going to be hurt by this move at all. In fact, he could be helped by it. First place is, once he says he's open to the public, no matter who they may be, that's the day he has no trouble. There may be a period of time in there that he'd have some abuse from neighbor, somebody's going to criticize him for what he's done, but that doesn't take long to wear off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=829.79,855.81"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e The experience of a restaurant operator was similar. He desegregated his business, encountered some initial economic loss and customer reaction, but that soon disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=857.11,869.11"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 3:\u003c/strong\u003e Business has come back, as I said, we've had no problems. I'm happy that it's behind me, that we've had to face the problem, that it wasn't nearly the problem that we thought it might have been, but it came through, came through in good shape.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=871.319,891.94"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e The mayor of a city sums up business reaction. Certainly, in a state that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=892.8,898.58"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 6:\u003c/strong\u003e of fears were never quite justified. I think it's true, too, that you go through one move and this works out. Your fears were not justified, yet we face another problem. And always again, that this may be the one that will really cause us considerable difficulties. Again, the experience is never as bad as what we had anticipated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=901.44,935.03"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e The speakers indicated they all had one thought in common originally, fear of financial loss if discrimination were abandoned. It proved a groundless fear. Actually, the opposite is true. Discrimination stifles economic growth. Everyone pays, not just those discriminated against. The entire community is kept in economic disorder. Natural expansion of established businesses is limited and even more damaging. New investment capital is discouraged from moving in. Wherever these artificial business restraints have been removed, the effect has been positive. Thank you for watching! The Chamber of Commerce president discusses what happened after his city decided to desegregate public accommodation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=937.49,992.01"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 7:\u003c/strong\u003e of this transition is concerned. The business in this community has been better in the past six months than at any time in the history and we feel that this is indicative of how sides working together can accomplish the same end, the betterment economically of us all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=994.55,1011.77"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e In the 20th century, when learning and earning are nearly synonymous, the economic health of a nation and its people depends on education. When a segment of the people is denied full opportunity to learn, the nation as a whole suffers. Despite these self-evident truths, There are still sections of the country where some citizens and their children are forced to accept second class education. Although it is now well over a decade since the Supreme Court ruled segregated schools unconstitutional, thousands of children all over the nation are still denied entrance into the integrated classroom and the advantages of equal educational opportunity. Thanks for watching! The refusal to provide equal education for all children has brought stagnation, disorder, and even violence. The name of one town became synonymous the world over with race hate and chaos simply because some children and their parents wanted the best education available. They received it finally, but not before the President of the United States had to intervene to uphold the law. Resistance in other areas has been less overt, less violent. It took the form of evasions, legal maneuverings, and outright chams. One county school system closed down completely, rather than integrate. A system of so-called private schools was set up. The education of every child in the county suffered because of this last-ditch delusion. Although many school districts chose the path of reason and humanity and voluntarily desegregated after the Supreme Court ruling, until the passage of the Civil Rights Law of 1964, enforcement rested largely in the hands of parents and organizations willing to spend much time and money in the courts. The section of the new law eases that burden on the private citizen. It authorizes the Attorney General of the United States to initiate or intervene in school and college desegregation cases. But the government would rather achieve school desegregation outside the courts and at the community level. Therefore, the act also provides for a program of technical assistance, training, and grants to aid in the solution of problems. This service is administered by the U.S. Commissioner of Education and is available to local authorities upon request. The purpose of the law is merely to ensure that no child is refused admittance to any school solely on the basis of color or some other irrelevant difference. But it would benefit that child little if he could attend the best school. until he became a man, only to find jobs closed to him because of prejudice. Those who framed the civil rights law realized how basic the denial of fair work opportunity is in the overall matter of discrimination. Therefore, they included in the act a principle already in existence in many states and communities and in all federal employment contracts. This has been called the new civil right to equal opportunity for employment. the reasons for including it as title seven of the civil rights law are compelling many americans consistently have been refused jobs because of their race color sex national origin or they have no chance to build a better the economy in turn loses billions of dollars yearly because our manpower is used to our fullest advantage. and because these citizens are prevented from developing their normal share of spending power. Job discrimination is not a regional problem. Some Americans endure it all over the country. Nor is job discrimination a new problem. Some citizens have suffered from it in one form or another since the nation began. in. During the great waves of immigration in the last century, each new group of Americans experienced the punishment of prejudice. The Civil Rights Law of 1964 challenges this injustice. It prohibits employers, employment agencies, and labor unions from discriminating against a worker because of his race, color, national origin, sex, or religion. Effective July 1965, the law applies to unions and businesses with 100 or more members or employees. That number will drop progressively until 1968, when similar groups of 25 or more people will be covered. A new government agency, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, is set up by the law to investigate and settle charges of job discrimination. Should it fail to achieve voluntary agreement, the commission is empowered to file suit. The act also makes it clear that no job favoritism may be shown to any individual or group. because of any racial imbalance existing in a firm or union. Firing, firing, or promotion of a man must now be based on his skill alone, not his name or his complexion. Another of the new agencies created by the Civil Rights Law is the Community Relations Service within the Department of Commerce, originally headed by former Florida Governor Leroy Collins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=1013.48,1418.06"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 8:\u003c/strong\u003e of the community relations service is to help the communities to help themselves. And the Congress gave us the mandate to develop here a conciliation service that would be available to the communities to help them settle disputes and disagreements that arise from racial discrimination and action that is contrary to the laws of the United States in the area of discrimination. Now, we have this service. And where there is a dispute or a disagreement, we are anxious to go to that community and help. But we do that by working with the people themselves and advising them as to how they can make a settlement of the difficulties. And we have found a tremendous amount of cooperation from the people in accepting our service on this basis. We are not just satisfied with putting out fires. We also feel that we have a responsibility to prevent fires. So this means that in a community after there is a settlement of a dispute we must work further with the citizens there to determine the basic causes of their difficulties and to help them in their planning to avoid a repetition of those difficulties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=1419.98,1494.1"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e When President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act that summer day in 1964, he spoke of the meaning of the law in human terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=1497.32,1507.3"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 2:\u003c/strong\u003e We must not approach the observance and enforcement of this law in a vengeful spirit. Its purpose is not to punish. Its purpose is not to divide, but to end divisions, divisions which have lasted all too long. Its purpose is national, not regional. Its purpose is to promote a more abiding commitment to freedom. a more constant pursuit of justice, and a deeper respect for human dignity. Let us close the springs of racial poison. Let us pray for a wise and understanding heart. Let us lay aside irrelevant differences and make our nation whole. My fellow citizens, we have come now to a time of testing. We must not fail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=1509.77,1574.21"},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSpeaker 1:\u003c/strong\u003e When the land was young, the people were different. They were brave and hardworking and good. But they were not one. Differences real and imagined and often based on race religion and national origin kept them apart For the majority of Americans now, those differences are less important than they once were. All things change in time. The clipper ship served its purpose nobly in another age. But now, giant machines have taken its place, and we travel the distance in minutes that one time required weeks or months. The American dream was born and nurtured in small colonial towns. Its maturity will be attained and tested in modern cities. A man once labored for days to make an object he and his family could use. We now manufacture hundreds of them. The people once lived apart and suspicious, but just as those older ways disappeared in time, these divisions too shall pass. For the truth is, this nation can no longer afford discrimination. We cannot endure a part of our people living in less than complete equality, nor will those people longer endure it. As the poet Edwin Markham once observed, There is no true liberty for the individual except as he finds it in the liberty of all. The Civil Rights Act marks but a moment of beginning, a time for change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684#t=1577.88,1706.09"}]},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267684/transcript/77545/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/077/545/original/trint_WJZ-UNKN-145-001_FFV1_transcript.vtt?1742308687","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/077/545/original/trint_WJZ-UNKN-145-001_FFV1_transcript.vtt?1742308687"}]}]},{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267685","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - open-uri20250314-1605153-p2lifl.mp4"]},"duration":1953.066,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/267/685/small/open-uri20250314-1605153-p2lifl_1741982631.jpg?1741982631","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267685/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267685/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-marmia.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/267/685/original/open-uri20250314-1605153-p2lifl.mp4?1741982629","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1953.066,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://marmia.aviaryplatform.com/collections/948/collection_resources/144813/file/267685","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}